2018, Judson College, Elgin IL, Lee's review: "Carafate 1000 mg. Order Carafate.".
Flexion and extension describe movements in proceed through the constituent parts of the motor sys- the sagittal plane cheap carafate 1000mg line. Flexion movements decrease the angle tem buy carafate 1000 mg cheap, beginning with the skeleton and ending with the between the moving body segments. Abduction moves the 90 CHAPTER 5 The Motor System 91 knee extension and flexion. During both simple and light- load skilled movements, the antagonist is relaxed. Contrac- tion of the agonist with concomitant relaxation of the antag- onist occurs by the nervous system function of reciprocal inhibition. Co-contraction of agonist and antagonist occurs during movements that require precise control. A muscle functions as a synergist if it contracts at the same time as the agonist while cooperating in producing the movement. Horizontal plane PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM COMPONENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF MOVEMENT Midsagittal plane We can identify the components of the nervous system that are predominantly involved in the control of motor func- tion and discuss the probable roles for each of them. It is important to appreciate that even the simplest reflex or vol- untary movement requires the interaction of multiple levels of the nervous system (Fig. The figure is shown in the standard anatomic position with Basal the associated primary reference planes. MUSCLE FUNCTION AND BODY MOVEMENT Brainstem Cerebellum Muscles span joints and are attached at two or more points to the bony levers of the skeleton. Muscles are described in terms of their origin and insertion attachment sites. The Peripheral origin tends to be the more fixed, less mobile location, sensory Spinal while the insertion refers to the skeletal site that is more output cord mobile. Movement occurs when a muscle generates force on its attachment sites and undergoes shortening. Another form of muscular action is a controlled lengthen- Final common path ing while still generating force.
The knee has two surfaces: the front surface is the patellar region generic 1000 mg carafate fast delivery, or kneecap; the back of the knee is called the 12 discount carafate 1000 mg on-line. The shin is a prominent bony ridge face landmarks that help distinguish their boundaries? Distinguish the pubic area and perineum within the The pes has three principal divisions: the tarsus, contain- pelvic region. Identify the joint between the following regions: the the metatarsal bones; and the five digits (commonly called toes), brachium and antebrachium, the pectoral girdle and containing the phalanges. The ankle is the junction between the brachium, the leg and foot, the antebrachium and hand, leg and the foot. The heel is the back of the foot, and the sole of and the thigh and leg. Explain how knowledge of the body regions is applied in a clinical setting. Body Organization and © The McGraw−Hill Anatomy, Sixth Edition Organization, and the Anatomical Nomenclature Companies, 2001 Human Organism Chapter 2 Body Organization and Anatomical Nomenclature 41 Mediastinum (contains esophagus, major vessels, and certain nerves) Thoracic Pleural cavities cavity (surround lungs) Pericardial cavity (surrounds heart) Abdominal cavity (contains abdominal viscera) Abdominopelvic Pelvic cavity cavity (contains pelvic viscera) Paras FIGURE 2. The For functional and protective purposes, the viscera are compart- coelom is lined with a membrane that secretes a lubricating fluid. The abdominopelvic cavity consists of an upper abdominal Body Cavities cavity and a lower pelvic cavity. The abdominal cavity contains Body cavities are confined spaces within the body. They contain the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, organs that are protected, compartmentalized, and supported by pancreas, spleen, and kidneys. There are two principal body cavities: the posterior (dorsal) body cavity and the larger anterior (ventral) body cavity. Body Organization and © The McGraw−Hill Anatomy, Sixth Edition Organization, and the Anatomical Nomenclature Companies, 2001 Human Organism 42 Unit 2 Terminology, Organization, and the Human Organism Lesser omentum Diaphragm (supports stomach (muscular partition between to liver) thoracic and abdominal cavities) Pancreas (retroperitoneal Liver to parietal peritoneum) Stomach Duodenum (covered by visceral peritoneum) (retroperitoneal to parietal peritoneum) Large intestine (covered by visceral peritoneum) Mesentery (supports intestines) Parietal peritoneum (lines abdominopelvic cavity) Small intestine Greater omentum Visceral (protective, fatty serous membrane peritoneum attached to stomach and transverse (covers abdominal colon of large intestine) viscera) Peritoneal cavity Rectum (space created by the parietal peritoneum lining the wall of the abdominopelvic cavity) Urinary bladder FIGURE 2. There are two orbits, each of which houses an eye- and certain reproductive organs (uterus, uterine tubes, and ball and its associated muscles, vessels, and nerves. Likewise, ovaries in the female; seminal vesicles and prostate in the male).
